What are the differences between Shia and Sunni Muslims?
Muslims are divided into two main branches: Shia and Sunni. These groups share many beliefs but differ in key ways. Let’s explore these differences.
What is the origin of the split?
The split began after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD. Disagreements arose over who should lead the Muslim community. Sunnis believed that the community should choose its leader. They supported Abu Bakr, a close friend of the Prophet. In contrast, Shias believed that leadership should stay within the Prophet’s family. They supported Ali, the Prophet's cousin, and son-in-law. This fundamental disagreement started the divide.
What are the key beliefs?
Sunnis and Shias share the same core beliefs, such as the Five Pillars of Islam. But they differ in some practices and beliefs. For example:
- Leadership: Sunnis follow the caliphs as leaders. Shias believe in a series of Imams, who are seen as divinely appointed and infallible.
- Religious Practices: Shia Muslims often observe Ashura, a major event commemorating the martyrdom of Imam Hussain. This day is marked by mourning rituals. Sunnis recognize Ashura too, but they do not observe it in the same way.
- Hadith Collections: Both groups have collections of sayings of the Prophet. However, they use different collections. For example, Sunnis follow Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, while Shias have their own important texts.
Where do they live?
Most Muslims are Sunni, comprising about 85-90% of the global Muslim population. Shia Muslims make up about 10-15%. Shias are primarily found in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and parts of Lebanon and Syria.
While both Shia and Sunni Muslims share the foundation of Islam, their differences in leadership beliefs, practices, and cultural traditions create distinct identities within the faith.
