How Can You Get a Social Security Number in the USA?
You're living in the USA or planning to move, and you've heard everyone talking about the all-important Social Security Number (SSN). It's this nine-digit magical number that unlocks many doors. But how do you actually get one? Let's break it down step by step. We'll make sure you understand everything clearly by the end of this guide.
What is a Social Security Number?
Before diving into the process, it's essential to know what an SSN is. A Social Security Number is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents. It is primarily used to track individuals for Social Security purposes, but it has become vital for various other uses, including employment, taxes, and more.
Who Needs a Social Security Number?
Almost everyone in the USA needs an SSN. Here’s a list of people who typically need one:
- U.S. Citizens
- Permanent Residents (Green Card holders)
- Non-citizens authorized to work in the U.S.
If you're an international student or on a visitor's visa, you might not need an SSN unless you get employed.
Documents You Need
Before heading over to apply, gather the necessary documents. Here’s what you’ll typically need:
For U.S. Citizens
- Proof of Age: Birth certificate or passport.
- Proof of Identity: U.S. driver's license, state-issued non-driver identification card, or U.S. passport.
For Non-Citizens
- Proof of Immigration Status: Form I-551 (green card), I-766 (employment authorization document), or I-94 (arrival/departure record).
- Proof of Work Authorization: Documents permitting work in the U.S.
- Proof of Age and Identity: Foreign birth certificate and passport.
Ensure all documents are either originals or certified copies by the issuing agency.
Fill Out the Application Form
Next, you need to fill out an application form, specifically Form SS-5. This is the same form whether you're applying for an original SSN or a replacement card. The form is available for download from the Social Security Administration’s website.
Filling the Form
The form SS-5 will ask for basic information such as:
- Full Name
- Date of Birth
- Place of Birth
- Parents' Names
- Gender
- Citizenship or Immigration Status
Double-check all details to make sure they are correct.
Submitting Your Application
Once you have filled out the SS-5 form and gathered all the necessary documents, it's time to submit your application. There are primarily two ways to do this:
-
Visit the Social Security Office
- Find the nearest Social Security office using the Social Security Office Locator.
- Carry all your documents along with the filled SS-5 form.
- Submit them to the Social Security representative.
-
Via Mail
- You can also send your application and original documents via mail to your nearest Social Security office.
- Make sure to use a trackable mail service to avoid losing your documents.
After Submission
Once you've submitted your application, processing typically takes about two weeks. If applying by mail, it may take a bit longer. During this time, the Social Security Administration will verify your documents and information.
After everything is processed, you will receive your Social Security card in the mail. Your SSN is crucial and should be kept confidential to protect against identity theft.
Common Questions
Do Babies Need a Social Security Number?
Yes, even newborns need an SSN. If you’re a new parent, you can apply for your baby's SSN when you apply for a birth certificate—usually done at the hospital.
What If You Lose Your Social Security Card?
Losing your SSN card is not the end of the world. To get a replacement:
- Fill out another SS-5 form.
- Submit proof of identity (like a driver’s license).
- Apply in-person or by mail as you did the first time.
Is It Possible to Change Your Social Security Number?
Yes, but it is rare. You may need to change your SSN for reasons like severe harassment, abuse, or identity theft. You’ll need substantial documentation to back your claim.
